But while cephalopods are clearly adept at exploiting extreme environments, they are not found in freshwater.

"While we can't be 100 per cent certain, it's Cheap Cigarettes Wholesale unlikely that there have ever been freshwater cephalopods," says cephalopod expert and Head of Science at Museum Victoria, Dr Mark Norman.

"It is probable that they never developed a sodium pump that would help them cope with osmotic change in freshwater," Norman explains.

Freshwater dwellers have salty blood relative to the water around them. Without a mechanism in place to control it, osmosis would equalise salt concentrations Newport Cigarettes Coupons between the animal and the water surrounding it, pumping salt out of the body and flooding it with freshwater. A sodium pump, like that found in freshwater fish species, uses chloride cells on the gill surface to actively absorb sodium and potassium ions from the environment. Any excess water taken in at the same time is excreted as urine.

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